Sand is one of the most basic yet critical materials in construction. The strength, durability, plaster finishing, and even aesthetics depend heavily on the kind of sand you use. In Kenya, there are several kinds of sand locally available; each has its own advantages, drawbacks, and cost implications. This article covers what types are common locally, how they differ, current prices, and guidance on choosing the right one for your job.
Common Types of Sand in Kenya
Type | Description / Characteristics | Common Uses |
River Sand (Natural River Sand) | Naturally occurring from riverbeds. Smooth texture, may contain silt/clay. | Concrete, plastering, masonry, mortar. |
Coarse / Concrete Sand | Larger particles, coarse, more interlocking. | Foundations, slabs, beams, blockwork. |
Fine Sand (Plaster Sand) | Very fine particles, smooth finish. | Plastering, rendering, fine mortar. |
Crushed Sand / M-Sand | Crushed from rock, angular particles, consistent grading. | Structural concrete, blocks, plaster (if washed). |
Quarry Dust / Vumbi | Very fine dust from quarries, may retain moisture. | Partial filler, non-structural works, bedding. |
Special / Decorative Sands | Coloured or white sands for aesthetics. | Terrazzo, landscaping, decorative finishes. |
Price Ranges in Kenya
Prices vary depending on quality, location, transport, and whether washed. Below are approximate prices:
Type / Description | Approx Price (18-ton lorry) | Notes |
River Sand | KES 32,000 + | High quality, washed river sand. |
Rock Sand | KES 34,600 | Alternative to river sand, coarser. |
Quarry Dust | KES 24,700 | Cheapest option, must be used carefully. |
Building Sand | KES 36,000 + | Varies by quality and location. |
Key Differences to Watch Out For
Particle size distribution (grading)
Shape and angularity of grains
Amount of fines/silt/clay
Cleanliness
Moisture content
Transport/delivery cost
How to Choose Which Sand is Best
Use Case | What You Need | Recommended Types |
Foundations, Footings, Slabs | Strong, coarse, clean, low silt | Coarse sand, crushed sand, rock sand |
Blocks, Mortar | Balance strength & workability | River sand (washed), mixed sand |
Plastering | Fine, smooth, washed | Plaster sand, fine river sand |
Non-structural works | Affordable, moderate grading | Quarry dust + coarse mix |
Trade-offs & Practical Tips
Coarse/Angular sand = higher strength, less workability
Fine sand = smooth finish, lower strength if overused
Washed sand is always better for structural work
Transport adds significant cost
Test a sample before buying in bulk
Summary and Recommendation
For structural works, choose coarse, clean sand (crushed or river sand). For plastering, use fine, washed plaster sand. For non-structural backfilling or landscaping, quarry dust and cheaper options may be acceptable. Always account for transport and supplier reliability when budgeting.
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